{"id":8886,"date":"2014-07-24T09:00:34","date_gmt":"2014-07-24T14:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.insta-pro.com\/2014\/07\/24\/le-mais-nest-pas-un-produit-de-base\/"},"modified":"2017-03-30T14:49:27","modified_gmt":"2017-03-30T19:49:27","slug":"le-mais-nest-pas-un-produit-de-base","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instapro.spinuhost.com\/fr\/blog\/nutrition-et-technologies\/le-mais-nest-pas-un-produit-de-base\/","title":{"rendered":"Le ma\u00efs n\u2019est pas un produit de base"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le ma\u00efs est l\u2019une des cultures les plus importantes au monde.\u00a0 En 2009, il y a eu plus<\/a> de ma\u00efs produit (en poids) que toute autre c\u00e9r\u00e9ale \u2013 la production dans le monde a \u00e9t\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 800\u00a0millions de tonnes.\u00a0 Aux \u00c9tats-Unis et dans de nombreuses autres r\u00e9gions du monde, la majorit\u00e9<\/a> du ma\u00efs est utilis\u00e9e comme aliment pour les animaux d\u2019\u00e9levage.<\/p>\n

Les rations pour les animaux (porcs et poulets en particulier) sont bas\u00e9es en grande partie sur le ma\u00efs et ses produits d\u00e9riv\u00e9s.\u00a0 Ceci s\u2019explique par le fait que le ma\u00efs est app\u00e9tent pour la majeure partie des esp\u00e8ces d\u2019animaux de production, il est facilement dig\u00e9r\u00e9 et compl\u00e8te les autres ingr\u00e9dients principaux, comme les tourteaux d\u2019ol\u00e9agineux, lorsqu\u2019on formule les aliments pour optimiser les performances.<\/p>\n

Par voie de cons\u00e9quence, le ma\u00efs est l\u2019un des produits de base<\/a> les plus importants au monde \u2013 signifiant<\/a> que le produit est trait\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on semblable, voire identique, peu importe qui l\u2019a produit.<\/p>\n

Entre autres, le ma\u00efs repr\u00e9sente une grande proportion de l\u2019\u00e9nergie alimentaire<\/a> apport\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019animal.\u00a0 La plus grande partie de l\u2019\u00e9nergie du ma\u00efs est fournie<\/a> en tant qu\u2019amidon, et une faible fraction en huile.\u00a0 Comme je l\u2019ai \u00e9crit dans un article pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/a>, mettre au point un aliment en ayant les informations sur les apports et les exigences \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques est important pour conserver ou am\u00e9liorer les performances et le rendement des animaux, tout en minimisant les co\u00fbts.<\/p>\n

Ces informations \u00e0 propos de l\u2019\u00e9nergie sont souvent estim\u00e9es et rarement mesur\u00e9es.\u00a0 Le probl\u00e8me qui en d\u00e9coule a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment mis en avant dans une \u00e9tude d\u00e9crivant les variations normales de valeurs d\u2019\u00e9nergie m\u00e9tabolisable<\/a> dans des \u00e9chantillons de ma\u00efs provenant de tous les \u00c9tats-Unis (Campasino et al., 2014).\u00a0 Les \u00e9chantillons de ma\u00efs ont montr\u00e9 une variation de leur \u00e9nergie m\u00e9tabolisable apparente (EMA) de 195\u00a0kcal\/kg lorsque donn\u00e9s \u00e0 des poulets de chair.\u00a0 Alors que je parlais directement \u00e0 l\u2019un des auteurs, il m\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les diff\u00e9rences d\u2019humidit\u00e9 des \u00e9chantillons de ma\u00efs \u00e9taient soup\u00e7onn\u00e9es \u00eatre principalement responsables des diff\u00e9rences d\u2019EMA.<\/p>\n

Alors, 195\u00a0kcal\/kg peut sembler peu, mais jetons un \u0153il aux donn\u00e9es<\/a> issues de poulets de chair nourris avec un m\u00e9lange ma\u00efs \/ soja entier extrud\u00e9<\/a> au bout de 21 jours\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\"Presentation1c\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Presentation2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Le ma\u00efs repr\u00e9sente en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral 55 \u00e0 70\u00a0% de la formule des aliments pour poulets de chair.\u00a0 Comme on le voit, les variations normales des valeurs d\u2019EMA, d\u00e9termin\u00e9es en utilisant du ma\u00efs venant de tous les \u00c9tats-Unis, ont pu facilement r\u00e9duire les performances de croissance des poulets et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 alimentaire.<\/p>\n

J\u2019ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9crit (voir ici<\/a> et ici<\/a>) au sujet de l\u2019importance des programmes pour les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res entrantes pour chaque op\u00e9ration.\u00a0 En outre, l\u2019utilisation de techniques de transformation, telle que l\u2019extrusion, pour lib\u00e9rer autant d\u2019\u00e9nergie que possible<\/a> d\u2019un ingr\u00e9dient d\u2019aliment pour animaux peut att\u00e9nuer la variabilit\u00e9 normale.\u00a0 Ceci est particuli\u00e8rement important dans le secteur des poulets de chair, qui est bas\u00e9 sur l\u2019uniformit\u00e9<\/a> pour permettre les plus de 71\u00a0millions de tonnes de viande de poulet produite chaque ann\u00e9e<\/a> dans le monde.<\/p>\n

Donc, le ma\u00efs a \u00e9t\u00e9 banalis\u00e9<\/a> il y a longtemps, mais pour conclure,ce n\u2019est pas toujours le cas.\u00a0 De simples tests, y compris concernant l\u2019humidit\u00e9, et l\u2019accumulation de ces donn\u00e9es au fil du temps, aideront \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer la v\u00e9ritable valeur intrins\u00e8que de chaque lot de ma\u00efs.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rence\u00a0:<\/em><\/p>\n

Campasino, A., T.A. Wickersham, H.V. Masey O\u2019Neill, et J.T. Lee. 2014. Effects of nutrient variability in corn associated with geographical location and xylanase inclusion on energy utilization. Communication personnelle.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le ma\u00efs est l\u2019une des cultures les plus importantes au monde.\u00a0 En 2009, il y a eu plus de ma\u00efs produit (en poids) que toute autre c\u00e9r\u00e9ale \u2013 la production dans le monde a \u00e9t\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 800\u00a0millions de tonnes.\u00a0 Aux \u00c9tats-Unis et dans de nombreuses autres r\u00e9gions du monde, la majorit\u00e9 du ma\u00efs est […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":11087,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7181],"tags":[858,675,672,858,671,673],"class_list":{"0":"post-8886","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-nutrition-et-technologies","8":"tag-livestock-fr","9":"tag-metabolizable-energy-fr","10":"tag-corn-extrusion-fr","12":"tag-broiler-diets-fr","13":"tag-corn-production-fr"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe ma\u00efs n\u2019est pas un produit de base<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le ma\u00efs est l\u2019une des cultures les plus importantes au monde. 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